TENSES IN APATANI

Followings are the tenses of verbs ‘imi’ (to sleep) and ‘a’ (to come):

	PAST	PRESENT	FUTURE
SIMPLE
First person	imi to [slept], a’to [came]	Imi du [sleep], a’du [come]	*imi talyi [shall sleep], *a’chi [shall come]
Second person	imi ne [slept], a’ne [came]	Imi du [sleep], a’du [come]	**imi kendo [shall sleep] **a’kin do [shall come]
Third person	imi ne [slept], a ne [came]	imi du [sleep], a’du [come]	imi kendo [shall sleep] a’kin do [shall come]
CONTINUOUS
First person	imi la doto [was sleeping] a’la doto [was coming]	imi la do/ imi’du [sleeping] a’la do/ a’du [coming]	imi la dokin do [shall be sleeping] a’la dokin do [shall be coming]
Second person	imi la done [was sleeping] a’la done [was coming]	imi la do/ imi do [sleeping] a’la do/ a’do[coming]	imi la do kindo [shall be sleeping] a’la dokin do [shall be coming]
Third person	imi la done [was sleeping] a’la done[was coming]	imi la do/ imi do [sleeping] a’la do/ a’do[coming]	imi la dokin do [shall be sleeping] a’la dokin do [shall be coming]
PERFECT
First person	imi toku/ imi’ku [had slept] a’to ku/ a’ku [had come]	imi duku [have slept] a’du ku [have come]	imi duku do [shall have slept] a’du kudo [shall have come]
Second person	imi neku [had slept] a’ne ku [had come]	imi doku [have slept] ado ku [have come]	imi duku do [shall have slept] a’du kudo [shall have come]
Third person	imi neku [had slept] a’ne ku [had come]	imi doku [has slept] a’do ku [has come]	imi duku do [shall have slept] a’du kudo [shall have come]
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
First person	imi la doto ku [had been sleeping] a’la doto ku [had been coming]	imi la doku [have been sleeping] a’la doku [have been coming]	imi la dokin doku [shall have been sleeping] a’la dokin doku [shall have been coming]
Second person	imi la done ku [had been sleeping] a’la done ku [had been coming]	imi la doku [have been sleeping] a’la doku [have been coming]	imi la dokin doku [shall have been sleeping] a’la dokin doku [shall have been coming]
Third person	imi la done ku [had been sleeping] a’la done ku [had been coming]	imi la doku [has been sleeping] a’la doku [has been coming]	imi la dokin doku [shall have been sleeping] a’la dokin doku [shall have been coming]

Note:

1. * In simple future tense (used by first person) a verb with two or more syllables is followed by the helping verb talyi (as in imi talyi and diipfyo talyi), whereas, a verb with single syllable is is suffixed with chi (as in a’chi and dii’chi).

2. ** In simple furture (used for second and third person), a verb with two or more syllables is followed by the helping verb kendo (as in imi kendo and diipfyo kendo) whereas a verb with single syllable is suffixed with kin and followed by the helping verb do (as in a’kin do and du’kin do).

3. In above cases, when a verb with single syllable is suffixed with pyo, pyoh, laa, ja etc., then the helping verb kendo is used (for second and third person) for simple future (as in a’pyo kendo, mii’ja kendo etc.). Similarly, by first person, the helping verb talyi or kendo is used (as in a’pyoh talyi or a’pyoh kendo).